martes, 4 de agosto de 2009

El futuro, telefonía 4G


Cuando aún no se apagan los ecos de la denominada licitación de espectro 3G o tercera generación, que permitirá concretar el arribo de VTR y Nextel como nuevos actores del negocio de telefonía móvil, ya se habla de lo que será el nuevo paso tecnológico de la industria de las telecomunicaciones: la cuarta generación, más conocida por algunos como 4G.Poco a poco se está acuñando esta denominación. Para algunos está a la vuelta de la esquina, para otros, aún futurología. Entre ambos, sólo una certeza: sí o sí llegará el momento en que tener banda ancha móvil sea un commodity o ver televisión en el teléfono celular sea algo habitual; todos servicios relacionados con esta tecnología, para cuyo inminente advenimiento los operadores locales ya se están preparando.A la hora de abordar este tema y revisar las expectativas, problemas y mitos de este avance, el consultor Roberto Gurovich aclara que cuando se habla de 4G o bien de 3G -aplicaciones a las que se asoció la reciente licitación que realizó la Subsecretaria de Telecomunicaciones (Subtel)- no se está hablando de espectro radioeléctrico, sino que de una tecnología."


El subsecretario de Telecomunicaciones, Pablo Bello, explica que actualmente no hay terminales o equipos de 4G, también conocido como LTE (long term evolution). Hay prototipos, pero ninguna red comercial disponible en el mundo.Expectativas de los interesados. Si bien al hablar de 4G lo que abundan son teorías, un punto en el que hay consenso es que todos los actores del mercado quieren estar presentes en este segmento. En particular los operadores tradicionales, que ya ofrecen servicios de 3G, y son los que miran más de cerca esta opción, fundamentalmente porque no pudieron participar en el reciente concurso 3G. "4G en primer lugar sirve para expandir y masificar la conexión móvil a Internet y es algo que en Chile se necesitará en los próximos años. En segundo lugar, la experiencia de usuario mejora dramáticamente porque las velocidades que podrá dar la red 4G serán 10 a 15 veces más rápidas que las de la 3G actual",

Por ahora, las principales compañías están haciendo pruebas de la red 4G. De hecho, el gerente general corporativo de Entel, Richard Büchi, informó en junio pasado que comenzarían a probar LTE en el corto plazo y que ya estaba en conversaciones con el proveedor sueco de equipamiento Ericcson, empresa que calcula que en 2014 más de 80% de los usuarios de banda ancha móvil a nivel mundial tendrá LTE. En Entel Summit de este año, el gerente general de la unidad móvil Entel PCS, Hernán Marió, indicó que la empresa también tenía contactos con Vodafone, que ya estaba realizando pruebas de LTE con Verizon en Estados Unidos.

Movistar también inició este camino con pruebas en Barcelona, mientras que Claro ha estado atento a experiencias en EE.UU. ¿Para qué sirve?En términos simples, la tecnología 4G permite que además del acceso a Internet también se pueda pasar una transmisión online de alta definición, mejor conocida como televisión."Lo que tendría racionalidad es empaquetar en una misma red distintos servicios, lo que los haría más simples, económicos, atractivos y masivos", recalca Guerra.Ahora, para que todo esto pase del papel a la realidad, operadores y gobierno coinciden en la necesidad de contar con un espectro mayor, el cual la Subtel se apresta a licitar.


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